Words can be considered as the smallest elements in language that have meanings.
Words can be classified to 8 types of part of speech.
but, in this post I wanna tell only 5 types of "Part of Speech"
So, let's learn more about "PART OF SPEECH"
1. NOUN
- A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or ideas.
- The simplest of all the types (part of speech)
Examples :
a. Anita is a teacher in elementary school.
b. The new building beside my house is apartement.
c. Indonesia have a lot of beautiful place.
Different types of noun :
- Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.
- Examples: Bali, Jokowi
- Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places.
- Examples: motorcycle, scissor, woman, boy
- Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.
- Examples: folder, sand, board
- Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive through your five senses.
- Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery
- Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
- Examples: kitten, video, ball
- Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to quantify them.
- Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter
- Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter
- Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things.
- Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of lions)
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| NOUN |
2. PRONOUN
- Pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun
- I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Examples :
a. I usually eat breakfast berfore going to school.
b. She is my besfriend.
c. It is so heavy.
d. This bag is hers.
Types Of Pronoun :
- Personal Pronoun (I, you, they, she, hers, his) refer to specific persons or things
- The motorcycle is his.
- Demonstrative Pronoun (this, those) are also considered noun markers
- Interrogative Pronoun (who, what, which) introduce questions
- What did she say?
- Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) introduce dependent clauses and refers to a person or thing already mentioned in the sentence
- Indefinite Pronoun (anything, everything, none) refer to non-specific persons and things
- She will do anything her mom says.
- Reflexive Pronoun dan Intensive Pronoun (myself, yourself) name a receiver of an action who is identical to the doer of the action.
- I give myself a gift.
- Reciprocal Pronoun (each other, one another) express shared actions or feelings
- He and She sing with one another in a stage.
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| Pronoun |
3. ADJECTIVE
- Adjective is used to describe a noun or a pronoun.
- Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.
Example :
a. I feel disappointed.
b. The beautiful lady over there is so flawless.
Adjectives can be used to make comparisons.
For most adjectives of one or two syllables, you can add –er. For example, greater, faster, stronger.
For adjectives longer than two syllables, you should use the word more.
Example :
a. Lina is prettier than Lisa.
b. He was more intelligent than his sister
Adjectives can also be used as superlatives.
This is usually done by adding –est to the end of an adjective that is one or two syllables.
For example, the loudest, the coolest, the smartest.
If an adjective is three syllables or longer, you must use the words the most.
Example :
a. Her voice is the loudest in class.
b. He is the most intelligent in his family.
Proper Adjectives
proper adjectives are always capitalized in English. They are derived from proper nouns, and they can also includes adjectives. So, when they are used together, they are arranged in a certain order.
4. VERB
- Verbs generally express action or a state of being
- Several classification of verbs :
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| Verbs |
Action Verbs (Show action)
Example :
a. She plays in the park
b. Lina sings a song
c. They study together
Linking Verbs (link the subject to an adjective)
Example :
a. Baby breath flower is beautiful
(The linking verb is links the adjective beautiful with the subject Baby breath flower.)
Main Verbs (can stand alone)
Auxiliary Verbs (helping verbs, serve as support to the main verb)
The most common auxiliary verbs are:
Have, has, had
Do, does, did
Be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been
Should, could, will, would, might, can, may, must, shall, ought (to)
Example :
a. Lina does her own homework
b. She will make cookies this afternoon.
Transitive Verbs (require a direct object in order to make sense)
Example :
Lina put a newspaper on the table
Put is a transitive verb since the sentence Lina put has no meaning without its direct object a newspaper.
Intransitive Verbs (do not need direct objects to make them meaningful)
Example :
Lina breaths.
5. ADVERB
- An adverb is a word that modifies an action verb, an adjective or another adverb.
- Different types of adverb :
Adverb of Manner (this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.)
Example :
The snail walks slowly.
The word “slowly” tells how snail walks.
Adverb of Time (this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done)
Example :
a. I will call him tomorrow.
b. I can play guitar since last year.
Adverb of Place (this tells something about “where” something happens or ”where” something is done.)
Example :
a. The contest will be held at school.
b. I do my homework at library.
Adverb of Degree (this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.)
Example :
a. The boy over there is so smart !
b. The child is very talented.
Reference :
http://partofspeech.org/ [Accessed May 4]
http://www.edb.utexas.edu/minliu/pbl/ESOL/help/libry/speech.htm [Accessed May 4]
http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/parts_of_speech.html [Accessed May 4]
